COUNTERS Tutorials and Guide

• Binary count sequence
• Asynchronous counters
• Synchronous counters
• Practical considerations of ADC circuits

DC Circuits Chapters

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY

· Static electricity

· Conductors, insulators, and electron flow

· Electric circuits

· Voltage and current

· Resistance

· Voltage and current in a practical circuit BASIC C...

· Conventional versus electron flow BASIC CONCEPTS O...

OHM's LAW

· How voltage, current, and resistance relate

· An analogy for Ohm's Law

· Power in electric circuits

· Calculating electric power

· Resistors

· Nonlinear conduction

· Circuit wiring

· Polarity of voltage drops

· Computer simulation of electric circuits .

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

· The importance of electrical safety .

· Physiological effects of electricity .

· Shock current path

· Ohm's Law (again!)

· Safe practices

· Emergency response

· Common sources of hazard

· Safe circuit design

· Safe meter usage

· Electric shock data

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION AND METRIC PREFIXES

· Scientific notation .

· Arithmetic with scientific notation .

· Metric notation .

· Metric prefix conversions .

· Hand calculator use .

· Scientific notation in SPICE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION .

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

· Simple series circuits .

· Simple parallel circuits

· Conductance

· Power calculations

· Correct use of Ohm's Law

· Component failure analysis

· Building simple resistor circuits

· What are "series" and "parallel" circuits? .

DIVIDER CIRCUITS AND KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS

· Voltage divider circuits .

· Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) .

· Current divider circuits

· Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) .

SERIES-PARALLEL COMBINATION CIRCUITS

· What is a series-parallel circuit? .

· Analysis technique .

· Re-drawing complex schematics ..

· Component failure analysis ..

· Building series-parallel resistor circuits .

DC METERING CIRCUITS

· What is a meter?

· Voltmeter design

· Voltmeter impact on measured circuit .

· Ammeter design

· Ammeter impact on measured circuit .

· Ohmmeter design

· High voltage ohmmeters

· Multimeters

· Kelvin (4-wire) resistance measurement .

· Bridge circuits

· Wattmeter design

· Creating custom calibration resistances .

ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION SIGNALS

· Analog and digital signals .

· Voltage signal systems .

· Current signal systems .

· Tachogenerators .

· Thermocouples

· pH measurement

· Strain gauges

DC NETWORK ANALYSIS

· What is network analysis?

· Branch current method

· Mesh current method

· Node voltage method

· Introduction to network theorems

· Millman's Theorem

· Superposition Theorem

· Thevenin's Theorem

· Norton's Theorem

· Thevenin-Norton equivalencies

· Millman's Theorem revisited

· Maximum Power Transfer Theorem .

· -Y and Y- conversions

BATTERIES AND POWER SYSTEMS

· Electron activity in chemical reactions .

· Battery construction

· Battery ratings

· Special-purpose batteries .

· Practical considerations .

PHYSICS OF CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

· Introduction

· Conductor ampacity .

· Fuses

· Specific resistance .

· Temperature coefficient of resistance .

· Superconductivity .

· Insulator breakdown voltage .

· Data

CAPACITORS

· Electric fields and capacitance

· Capacitors and calculus

· Factors affecting capacitance

· Series and parallel capacitors

· Practical considerations

MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

· Permanent magnets

· Electromagnetism

· Magnetic units of measurement .

· Permeability and saturation .

· Electromagnetic induction .

· Mutual inductance

INDUCTORS

· Magnetic fields and inductance

· Inductors and calculus

· Factors affecting inductance

· Series and parallel inductors

· Practical considerations

RC AND L/R TIME CONSTANTS

· Electrical transients

· Capacitor transient response .

· Inductor transient response .

· Voltage and current calculations .

· Why L/R and not LR?

· Complex voltage and current calculations

· Complex circuits

· Solving for unknown time .

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY Guide

· Static electricity

· Conductors, insulators, and electron flow

· Electric circuits

· Voltage and current

· Resistance

· Voltage and current in a practical circuit BASIC

· Conventional versus electron flow BASIC CONCEPTS

OHM's LAW Guide

· How voltage, current, and resistance relate

· An analogy for Ohm's Law

· Power in electric circuits

· Calculating electric power

· Resistors

· Nonlinear conduction

· Circuit wiring

· Polarity of voltage drops

· Computer simulation of electric circuits .

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Guide

· The importance of electrical safety .

· Physiological effects of electricity .

· Shock current path

· Ohm's Law (again!)

· Safe practices

· Emergency response

· Common sources of hazard

· Safe circuit design

· Safe meter usage

· Electric shock data

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION AND METRIC PREFIXES Guide

· Scientific notation .

· Arithmetic with scientific notation .

· Metric notation .

· Metric prefix conversions .

· Hand calculator use .

· Scientific notation in SPICE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION .

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS Guide

· Simple series circuits .

· Simple parallel circuits

· Conductance

· Power calculations

· Correct use of Ohm's Law

· Component failure analysis

· Building simple resistor circuits

· What are "series" and "parallel" circuits? .

DIVIDER CIRCUITS AND KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS Guide

· Voltage divider circuits .

· Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) .

· Current divider circuits

· Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) .

SERIES-PARALLEL COMBINATION CIRCUITS Guide

· What is a series-parallel circuit? .

· Analysis technique .

· Re-drawing complex schematics ..

· Component failure analysis ..

· Building series-parallel resistor circuits .

DC METERING CIRCUITS Guide

· What is a meter?

· Voltmeter design

· Voltmeter impact on measured circuit .

· Ammeter design

· Ammeter impact on measured circuit .

· Ohmmeter design

· High voltage ohmmeters

· Multimeters

· Kelvin (4-wire) resistance measurement .

· Bridge circuits

· Wattmeter design

· Creating custom calibration resistances .

ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION SIGNALS Guide

· Analog and digital signals .

· Voltage signal systems .

· Current signal systems .

· Tachogenerators .

· Thermocouples

· pH measurement

· Strain gauges

DC NETWORK ANALYSIS Guide

· What is network analysis?

· Branch current method

· Mesh current method

· Node voltage method

· Introduction to network theorems

· Millman's Theorem

· Superposition Theorem

· Thevenin's Theorem

· Norton's Theorem

· Thevenin-Norton equivalencies

· Millman's Theorem revisited

· Maximum Power Transfer Theorem .

· -Y and Y- conversions

BATTERIES AND POWER SYSTEMS Guide

· Electron activity in chemical reactions .

· Battery construction

· Battery ratings

· Special-purpose batteries .

· Practical considerations .

PHYSICS OF CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS Guide

· Introduction

· Conductor ampacity .

· Fuses

· Specific resistance .

· Temperature coefficient of resistance .

· Superconductivity .

· Insulator breakdown voltage .

· Data

CAPACITORS Guide

· Electric fields and capacitance

· Capacitors and calculus

· Factors affecting capacitance

· Series and parallel capacitors

· Practical considerations

MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM Guide

· Permanent magnets

· Electromagnetism

· Magnetic units of measurement .

· Permeability and saturation .

· Electromagnetic induction .

· Mutual inductance

INDUCTORS Guide

· Magnetic fields and inductance

· Inductors and calculus

· Factors affecting inductance

· Series and parallel inductors

· Practical considerations

RC AND L/R TIME CONSTANTS Guide

· Electrical transients

· Capacitor transient response .

· Inductor transient response .

· Voltage and current calculations .

· Why L/R and not LR?

· Complex voltage and current calculations

· Complex circuits

· Solving for unknown time .